美国专利法112条(b)款规定,(b) CONCLUSION.— The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention.说明书应以一项或多项权利要求结束,特别指出并明确要求发明人或共同发明人视为发明的主题。
一、明确的界限要求MPEP2173指出,Claims Must Particularly Point Out and Distinctly Claim the Invention权利要求书必须特别指出并明确要求保护发明。在专利审查术语中,权利要求语言必须是“明确的”,以符合《美国法典》第35卷112(b)条或《美国专利法》第35章112条第二款的规定。相反,不符合《美国法典》第35卷112(b)条或《美国建筑师协会法》第35章112条第二款规定的索赔是“不确定的”。要求权利要求语言明确的主要目的是确保权利要求的范围明确,以便公众了解构成专利侵权的界限。第二个目的是明确衡量发明人或共同发明人对发明的看法,以便确定所要求保护的发明是否符合所有可专利性标准。During examination, a claim must be given its broadest reasonable interpretation consistent with the specification as it would be interpreted by one of ordinary skill in the art. Because the applicant has the opportunity to amend claims during prosecution, giving a claim its broadest reasonable interpretation will reduce the possibility that the claim, once issued, will be interpreted more broadly than is justified.在审查过程中,必须对权利要求进行与说明书一致的广泛的合理解释,正如本领域普通技术人员所解释的那样。由于申请人有机会在审查期间修改权利要求,因此对权利要求作出广泛的合理解释将降低权利要求一旦发布后被更广泛地解释的可能性。During prosecution, applicant has an opportunity and a duty to amend ambiguous claims to clearly and precisely define the metes and bounds of the claimed invention. The claim places the public on notice of the scope of the patentee’s right to exclude.在起诉期间,申请人有机会也有义务修改模棱两可的权利要求,以清楚准确地定义所要求保护的发明的范围和界限。该权利要求公开了专利权人排除权利的范围。if the language of a claim, given its broadest reasonable interpretation, is such that a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art would read it with more than one reasonable interpretation, then a rejection under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph is appropriate. Examiners, however, are cautioned against confusing claim breadth with claim indefiniteness. A broad claim is not indefinite merely because it encompasses a wide scope of subject matter provided the scope is clearly defined. Instead, a claim is indefinite when the boundaries of the protected subject matter are not clearly delineated and the scope is unclear.如果一项权利要求的语言,考虑到其广泛的合理解释,相关领域的普通技术人员会用不止一种合理的解释来阅读,那么根据专利法112条第二款进行驳回是合适的。然而,审查员应注意不要将权利要求的广度与权利要求的不确定性混为一谈。宽泛的权利要求不是无限的,仅仅因为它涵盖了广泛的主题范围,只要范围明确界定。Definiteness of claim language must be analyzed, not in a vacuum, but in light of:(A) The content of the particular application disclosure;(B) The teachings of the prior art; and(C) The claim interpretation that would be given by one possessing the ordinary level of skill in the pertinent art at the time the invention was made.必须依据以下要素分析(而不是在真空中)权利要求的清晰性。
(A) 特定申请披露的内容;
(B) 现有技术的教导;和(C) 在发明时,具有相关领域普通技术水平的人会给出的权利要求解释。the examiner must consider the claim as a whole to determine whether the claim apprises one of ordinary skill in the art of its scope and, therefore, serves the notice function required by 35 U.S.C. 112(b)审查员必须将权利要求作为一个整体来考虑,以确定该权利要求是否告知了本领域普通技术人员其范围,从而履行了《美国法典》第35卷112(b)条规定的通知功能。If the language of the claim is such that a person of ordinary skill in the art could not interpret the metes and bounds of the claim so as to understand how to avoid infringement, a rejection of the claim under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, is appropriate.如果权利要求的语言使得本领域普通技术人员无法解释权利要求的范围和界限,从而理解如何避免侵权,则拒绝该权利要求是适当的。
二、说明书和权利要求的关系The specification should ideally serve as a glossary to the claim terms so that the examiner and the public can clearly ascertain the meaning of the claim terms. Correspondence between the specification and claims is required by 37 CFR 1.75(d)(1), which provides that claim terms must find clear support or antecedent basis in the specification so that the meaning of the terms may be ascertainable by reference to the specification. Glossaries of terms used in the claims are a helpful device for ensuring adequate definition of terms used in claims. If the specification does not provide the needed support or antecedent basis for the claim terms, the specification should be objected to under 37 CFR 1.75(d)(1). See MPEP § 608.01(o) and MPEP § 2181, subsection IV. Applicant will be required to make appropriate amendment to the description to provide clear support or antecedent basis for the claim terms provided no new matter is introduced, or amend the claim.理想情况下,说明书应作为权利要求术语的术语表,以便审查员和公众能够清楚地确定权利要求条款的含义。37CFR1.75(d)
(1)条要求规范和权利要求之间保持一致,该条款规定,权利要求条款必须在规范中找到明确的支持或先行依据,以便通过参考规范来确定术语的含义。权利要求中使用的术语表是确保权利要求中所用术语得到充分定义的有用工具。申请人将被要求对描述进行适当的修改,为权利要求条款提供明确的支持或先前依据,前提是没有引入新的事项,或修改权利要求。A claim, although clear on its face, may also be indefinite when a conflict or inconsistency between the claimed subject matter and the specification disclosure renders the scope of the claim uncertain as inconsistency with the specification disclosure or prior art teachings may make an otherwise definite claim take on an unreasonable degree of uncertainty.当所要求保护的主题与说明书公开之间的冲突或不一致导致权利要求的范围不确定时,权利要求虽然表面上很明确,但也可能是不确定的,因为与说明书公开或现有技术教导的不一致可能会使原本明确的权利要求具有不合理的不确定性。
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